In early stages of industrialization, products were simpler, factories were smaller, most processes were manual, and process flows were shorter. Contact with customers was direct between production and customer. As manufacturing capabilities improved, designers could conceive more, customers would desire even more features, and thus the demand supply spiral started. The supply feeding to demand, and demand driving complexity led to the need for tools to manage processes and businesses.
In the late 19th century or early stages of industrialization, Fredrick Taylor addressed shop capacity, manufacturing costs, and industrial inefficiency. Taylor’s four principles included the need for scientific study instead of rule-of-thumb work methods, training and developing employees, providing detail work instructions, and division of work between planning and tasks.