Packaging for consumable goods has several purposes. Not only must it have an optimal design and attractive looks to grab the attention of a prospective purchaser, but it must also provide ample protection for the product inside. Plastic, metal and glass bottles, aluminum cans, and cardboard cartons must all stand up to the forces encountered during handling, transportation, and storage. Manufacturers of both flexible and rigid packaging, which are fitted with closures, face the additional challenge of ensuring that their containers have sufficient strength to withstand the loads applied during the capping process.