This article is intended to be a guideline for various machine vision implementations, but its main focus is applications relating to random surface defect detection or Automated Visual Inspection (AVI). The goal of AVI is to identify every anomaly visually detectable that could have a functional or esthetical impact on the integrity of a part:
Products typically subjected to surface quality inspection are aircraft components, cars or any manufactured products with functional/esthetical value. For parts with complex shape, visual inspection is generally performed by human inspectors.