In this issue we inaugurate a new column. It is intended to bring important local, national, and international metrology and quality news, memorable dates, and unusual metrology/quality facts from the past, present, and future, in a brief format.

We welcome comments and suggestions.

In this first issue we will introduce the metrology a.k.a. measurement science field.

The etymology of the term “metrology” originates from the Greek words “metron” (meaning measure) and “logos” (meaning study or science). Consequently, “metrology” basically means the science or study of measurement. It includes the theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, including establishing units of measurement, developing measurement techniques, and ensuring accuracy in measurement systems.

Metrology is of fundamental importance in many human activities especially those concerned with acquisition and application of scientific knowledge. It is crucial across various fields such as science, industry, and commerce, where precise and reliable measurements are essential.

The history of metrology goes hand in hand with development of humankind. Here are some chronological examples:

• Cubit (46.3 cm, 1.5 feet) linear measure used in Egypt about 2600bc. It was used to erect Gizeh Pyramids conforming in dimensions and positioning to astronomical measurements.
• Obelisk in Egypt serve as sun dial and height of sun is measured in China related to polar axis (1500bc).
• Measuring time, weight and length, using water filled cube, by Chaldeans (1000bc).

Jumping to our era:

• The first caliper with a secondary scale was invented in 1631 by French mathematician Pierre Vernier.
• Speed of light, precursor of today’s meter definition, measured by Armand Fizeau (1849) and Lion Foucault (1862).
• Lord Kelvin invents galvanometer (1858).
• The Metre Convention (French: Convention du Mètre), also known as the Treaty of the Metre,[1], took place at Sevres (France) where an international treaty that was signed 20 May 1875 by representatives of 17 nations: Argentina, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Peru, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, Ottoman Empire, United States of America, and Venezuela.
• Gauge blocks were invented in 1896 by Swedish machinist Carl Edvard Johansson. Set denominations chosen to create any length with minimum gauge pieces.
• J. H. Jeans “Radiation and the Quantum Theory”, (1914).
• Edward Hubble measures large red shifts in the extragalactic nebulae spectra.

These are just samples of many other measurement discoveries who made possible today’s technological advancements.