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Home » Authors » Ray Harkins

Ray Harkins

Ray Harkins is the General Manager of Lexington Technologies in Lexington, North Carolina. He earned his Master of Science from Rochester Institute of Technology and his Master of Business Administration from Youngstown State University. He also taught over 100,000 student quality-related skills such as Gage R&R Simplified: Essential Tools for Quality Engineers, Quality Engineering Statistics, and Root Cause Analysis and the 8D Corrective Action Process through the online learning platform, Udemy. He can be reached via LinkedIn at linkedin.com/in/ray-harkins or by email at [email protected]. www.TheManufacturingAcademy.com.

Articles

ARTICLES

Automated automotive assembly line with robotic systems and vehicle bodies moving through a modern car manufacturing facility.
Measurement

Measuring Manufacturing Effectiveness: Downtime Frequency and Duration

Downtime behavior influences performance and quality beyond its direct impact on availability.
Ray Harkins
June 25, 2026

Most organizations track downtime in some form, but far fewer distinguish meaningfully between how often downtime occurs and how long it lasts.


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This image shows a person in personal protective equipment (PPE) using a tablet, likely in an industrial or construction setting
Measurement

Cohen’s Kappa: Measuring Agreement Beyond Chance

Given how each inspector tends to classify items, how much agreement would we expect purely by chance?
Ray Harkins
January 21, 2026

Attribute inspection is one of the most widespread, yet difficult-to-control, measurement methods in manufacturing.


Read More
The group of dial indicator gauge on the table with lighting effect.
Measurement

Making Sense of Gage R&R Analysis

Ultimately, the goal is not just to evaluate the gage but to ensure that capability studies, SPC charts, and process improvement projects are built on reliable data.
Ray Harkins
October 24, 2025

Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) evaluates measurement systems in manufacturing, focusing on errors like repeatability (variability from the same operator) and reproducibility (variability from different operators). Gage R&R Analysis, using the A&R or ANOVA methods, quantifies these errors to ensure manufacturing processes meet customer requirements.


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